FPGA-Based Control of an Extendable Bidirectional DC-DC Converter for EV Application
Keywords:
Bi-directional DC-DC converter, PI Control, Quadratic converterAbstract
This paper proposes an extendable bidirectional DC–DC converter (E-BDC) for medium- and high-voltage DC applications requiring high voltage gain, reduced device stress, and bidirectional power flow. The topology ensures that each switch conducts only one inductor current per n-stage implementation, reducing conduction losses and improving component utilization. The converter inherently provides voltage self-balancing across switches and maintains continuous low-voltage port current, minimizing ripple and making it well suited for battery-integrated systems. Steady-state analysis is carried out under synchronous and phase-shifted switching schemes, where phase-shifted operation significantly reduces capacitor voltage ripple and capacitance requirements. A comprehensive small-signal model including parasitic elements is developed for both operating modes. The control-to-output transfer function reveals non-minimum phase behavior in step-up mode, which is addressed in the PI controller design. A 700-W, 800-V prototype operating at 50 kHz and implemented on a Zynq-7000 FPGA validates the analysis, demonstrating high gain, voltage self-balancing, reduced stress, and stable dynamic performance.
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