Fractional-Order Control for Voltage Regulation in Bidirectional Converters: An Experimental Study
Keywords:
Fractional order control, bidirectional power converter, energy conversionAbstract
The theoretical application of fractional equations in controller development is not a new topic. The first efforts on this topic were reported in the late 1970s. However, in the last four years, a greater number of papers related to fractional control have been published than the one accumulated in previous years. Motivated by the above, this paper reports the step-by-step development of this type of control in a bidirectional converter. Furthermore, the discrete-time equivalent of the developed fractional control is implemented on Texas Instrument’s F280042C digital signal processor. The experimental results of the discrete fractional compensator are compared with the experimental results of a conventional proportional integral derivative (PID) controller. The results show a notable improvement in the response of the bidirectional converter with the fractional control; specifically, faster responses and less overshoot in most of the experiments carried out. Also, the existing challenges facing the widespread application of this control technique are notorious and are extensively addressed in this article.
Downloads
References
D. Ravi, B. Mallikarjuna Reddy, S. S.L, and P. Samuel, “Bidirectional dc to dc converters: An overview of various topologies, switching schemes and control techniques,” International Journal of Engineering & Technology, vol. 7, p. 360, Sept 2018.
K. Tytelmaier, O. Husev, O. Veligorskyi, and R. Yershov, “A review of non-isolated bidirectional dc-dc converters for energy storage systems,” in Proc. II International Young Scientists Forum on Applied Physics and Engineering (YSF), pp. 22–28, 2016.
S. A. Gorji, H. G. Sahebi, M. Ektesabi, and A. B. Rad, “Topologies and control schemes of bidirectional dc–dc power converters: An overview,” IEEE Access, vol. 7, pp. 117997–118019, 2019.
R. W. Erickson and D. Maksimovi´c, “Controller design,” in Fundamentals of Power Electronics, ch. 9, p. 331–375, Boston, MA: Springer US, 2001.
T. Habetler and R. Harley, “Power electronic converter and system control,” Proc. IEEE, vol. 89, pp. 913–925, June 2001.
R. W. Erickson and D. Maksimovi´c, “Current-programmed control,” in Fundamentals of Power Electronics, ch. 18, p. 725–804, Boston, MA: Springer US, 2001.
R. M. Sudhan Rao, M. Asad, and A. K. Singha, “Analysis and design of a digital average current-mode controlled buck converter,” in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. on Power Electron., Drives and Energy Syst. (PEDES), (Jaipur, India), pp. 1–4, Dec 2020.
S. A. Gorji, H. G. Sahebi, M. Ektesabi, and A. B. Rad, “Topologies and control schemes of bidirectional dc–dc power converters: An overview,” IEEE Access, vol. 7, pp. 117997–118019, 2019.
T. G. Habetler and R. G. Harley, “Power electronic converter and system control,” Proc. IEEE, vol. 89, no. 6, pp. 913–925, 2001.
M. Y. Bote-Vazquez, E. S. Estevez-Encarnacion, J. Ramirez-Hernandez, L. Hernandez-Gonzalez, and O. U. Juarez-Sandoval, “Predictive current control design methodology for dc-dc basic topologies: Buck, boost and buck-boost converters,” in Proc. IEEE Int. Autumn Meeting on Power, Electron. and Comput. (ROPEC), vol. 5, (Ixtapa, México), pp. 1–6, Nov 2021.
Z. Leng and Q. Liu, “A simple model predictive control for buck converter operating in ccm,” in Proc. IEEE Int. Symp. on Predictive Control of Elect. Drives and Power Electron. (PRECEDE), (Pilsen, Czech Republic), pp. 19–24, Sept 2017.
P. Warrier and P. Shah, “Optimal fractional pid controller for buck converter using cohort intelligent algorithm,” Applied System Innovation, vol. 4, no. 3, p. 50, 2021.
W. K. A. Abdulrazaq, A. M. Vural, et al., “Fuzzy fractional-order pid control for pmsg based wind energy conversion system with sparse matrix converter topology,” International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems, vol. 2022, 2022.
N. Bajoria, P. Sahu, R. Nema, and S. Nema, “Overview of different control schemes used for controlling of dc-dc converters,” in Proc. Int. Conf. on Elect. Power and Energy Syst. (ICEPES), (Bhopal, India), pp. 75–82, Dec 2016.
C. Trujillo-Rodríguez, J. Sánchez-Choachí, and G. Baquero-Rozo, “Fractional order control for a bidirectional converter operating in a dc microgrid,” Informador Técnico, vol. 84, p. 67–77, Dic 2019.
P. Warrier and P. Shah, “Fractional order control of power electronic converters in industrial drives and renewable energy systems: a review,” IEEE Access, vol. 9, pp. 58982–59009, 2021.
H. Mollaee, S. M. Ghamari, S. A. Saadat, and P. Wheeler, “A novel adaptive cascade controller design on a buck–boost dc–dc converter with a fractional-order pid voltage controller and a self-tuning regulator adaptive current controller,” IET Power Electronics, vol. 14, no. 11, pp. 1920–1935, 2021.
K. Aseem and K. S. Selva, “Closed loop control of dc-dc converters using pid and fopid controllers,” International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems, vol. 11, no. 3, p. 1323, 2020.
S.-W. Seo and H. H. Choi, “Digital implementation of fractional order pid-type controller for boost dc–dc converter,” IEEE Access, vol. 7, pp. 142652–142662, 2019.
A. A. Dastjerdi, B. M. Vinagre, Y. Chen, and S. H. HosseinNia, “Linear fractional order controllers; a survey in the frequency domain,” Annual Reviews in Control, vol. 47, pp. 51–70, 2019.
A. Basu, S. Mohanty, and R. Sharma, “Designing of the pid and fopid controllers using conventional tuning techniques,” in Proc. Int. Conf. on Inventive Comput. Technol. (ICICT), vol. 2, (Coimbatore, India), pp. 1– 6, Aug 2016.
S. Kapoor, M. Chaturvedi, and P. K. Juneja, “Design of fopid controller with various optimization algorithms for a sopdt model,” in Proc. Int. Conf. on Emerg. Trends in Comput. and Commun. Technol. (ICETCCT), (Dehradun, India), pp. 1–4, Nov 2017.
R. El-Khazali, “Fractional-order piλdμ controller design,” Comput. Math. with Appl., vol. 66, no. 5, pp. 639–646, 2013. Fractional Differentiation and its Applications.
A.-G. Soriano-Sanchez, F.-J. Perez-Pinal, and A. Espinosa-Calderón, “Optimization and its implementation impact of two-modes controller fractional approximation for buck converters,” Micromachines, vol. 13, no. 10, 2022.
J. Soto-Vega and A. G. S. Sánchez, “Experimental validation of voltage regulation in buck converters through fractional-order pid approximation,” Int. J. Eng. Sci. Technol., vol. 3, p. 44–51, Apr 2021.
A. G. Soriano-Sánchez, M. A. Rodríguez-Licea, F. J. Pérez-Pinal, and J. A. Vázquez-López, “Fractional-order approximation and synthesis of a pid controller for a buck converter,” Energies, vol. 13, no. 3, 2020.
A. G. S. Sánchez, F. J. Pérez-Pinal, M. A. Rodríguez-Licea, and C. Posadas-Castillo, “Non-integer order approximation of a pid-type controller for boost converters,” Energies, vol. 14, no. 11, 2021.
A. G. S. Sánchez, J. Soto-Vega, E. Tlelo-Cuautle, and M. A. Rodríguez- Licea, “Fractional-order approximation of pid controller for buck–boost converters,” Micromachines, vol. 12, May 2021.
M. D. Patil, K. Vadirajacharya, and S. W. Khubalkar, “Design and tuning of digital fractional-order pid controller for permanent magnet dc motor, ”IETE Journal of Research, vol. 69, no. 7, pp. 4349–4359, 2023.