System Frequency Response Model Considering the Influence of Power System Stabilizers
Keywords:
system frequency response (SFR) model, power system stabilizers (PSS), frequency stability studiesAbstract
Frequency stability analysis of large power systems are extremely time consuming, laborious and may even exceed the computational capacity of modern computers. Hence, simplified power system models have being developed in the literature. These models are usually called System Frequency Response (SFR). In SFR models, generators are represented by transfer functions, nonlinearities are generally neglected and the grid is not taken into account. Conventional SFR models only contemplate the mechanical behavior of speed governors, turbines and synchronous machines of generators. This is because, a common simplification is to consider that frequency and voltage can be controlled independently. However, it is demonstrated that there is an interaction between them, so frequency can be affected by the effect of power system stabilizers (PSSs) over excitation system controllers. In this work, a modified SFR model is proposed, considering the influence of generators excitation control on frequency. Simulation results show an improvement of the accuracy in the estimation of frequency response of the power system.
Downloads
References
Q. Shi, F. F. Li, and H. Cui, "Analytical Method to Aggregate Multi-Machine SFR Model with Applications in Power System Dynamic Studies," IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 2018.
P. M. Anderson and M. Mirheydar, "A low-order system frequency response model," IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 720-729, 1990.
T. Shekari, F. Aminifar, and M. Sanaye-Pasand, "An analytical adaptive load shedding scheme against severe combinational disturbances," IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, vol. 31, no. 5, pp. 4135-4143, 2015.
D. L. H. Aik, "A general-order system frequency response model incorporating load shedding: analytic modeling and applications," IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 709-717, 2006.
J. Dai, Y. Tang, Q. Wang, P. Jiang, and Y. Hou, "An Extended SFR Model With High Penetration Wind Power Considering Operating Regions and Wind Speed Disturbance," IEEE Access, vol. 7, pp. 103416-103426, 2019.
M. Krpan and I. Kuzle, "Introducing low-order system frequency response modelling of a future power system with high penetration of wind power plants with frequency support capabilities," IET Renewable Power Generation, vol. 12, no. 13, pp. 1453-1461, 2018.
H. Huang and F. Li, "Sensitivity analysis of load-damping characteristic in power system frequency regulation," IEEE transactions on power systems, vol. 28, no. 2, pp. 1324-1335, 2012.
H. Ahmadi and H. Ghasemi, "Security-constrained unit commitment with linearized system frequency limit constraints," IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, vol. 29, no. 4, pp. 1536-1545, 2014.
Z. Zhang, E. Du, F. Teng, N. Zhang, and C. Kang, "Modeling frequency dynamics in unit commitment with a high share of renewable energy," IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, vol. 35, no. 6, pp. 4383-4395, 2020.
M. Paturet, U. Markovic, S. Delikaraoglou, E. Vrettos, P. Aristidou, and G. Hug, "Stochastic unit commitment in low-inertia grids," IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, vol. 35, no. 5, pp. 3448-3458, 2020.
D. Lee, "Ieee recommended practice for excitation system models for power system stability studies (ieee std 421.5-1992)," Energy Development and Power Generating Committee of the Power Engineering Society, vol. 95, no. 96, 1992.
P. Kundur, N. J. Balu, and M. G. Lauby, Power system stability and control. McGraw-hill New York, 1994.
A. Moeini and I. Kamwa, "Analytical concepts for reactive power based primary frequency control in power systems," IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, vol. 31, no. 6, pp. 4217-4230, 2016.
I. Kamwa, L. Gerin-Lajoie, and G. Trudel, "Multi-loop power system stabilizers using wide-area synchronous phasor measurements," in Proceedings of the 1998 American Control Conference. ACC (IEEE Cat. No. 98CH36207), 1998, vol. 5: IEEE, pp. 2963-2967.
C. Zhao, U. Topcu, N. Li, and S. Low, "Design and stability of load-side primary frequency control in power systems," IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, vol. 59, no. 5, pp. 1177-1189, 2014.
I. Kamwa, "Performance of three PSS for interarea oscillations," SymPowerSystems toolbox, 2013.
A. Delavari, I. Kamwa, and P. Brunelle, "Simscape power systems benchmarks for education and research in power grid dynamics and control," in 2018 IEEE Canadian Conference on Electrical & Computer Engineering (CCECE), 2018: IEEE, pp. 1-5.
P. Energy, "Rate of change of frequency (ROCOF)-review of TSO and generator submissions final report," Commission for Energy Regulation (CER), 2013.
Esquema de alivio de carga, Cammesa. [Online]. Available: https://portalweb.cammesa.com/Biblioteca%20de%20Documentos/ECSF_RES246.doc